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Kuwait is a country in the Persian Gulf. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Kuwait was a prosperous trade port.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Rocky Road That Faces Many Kuwaiti Merchants )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kuwait: A Trading City )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Democracy in Kuwait )〕 ==Antiquity== During the Ubaid period (6500 BC), Kuwait was the central site of interaction between the peoples of Mesopotamia and Neolithic Eastern Arabia,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Maritime Interactions in the Arabian Neolithic: The Evidence from H3, As-Sabiyah, an Ubaid-Related Site in Kuwait )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Maritime Interactions in the Arabian Neolithic: The Evidence from H3, As-Sabiyah, an Ubaid-Related Site in Kuwait )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/kuwaitis-lived-8000-years-ago/ )〕 mainly centered in As-Subiya in northern Kuwait.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean - Issue no.XXII /2013 )〕 The earliest evidence of human habitation in Kuwait dates back 8000 B.C. where Mesolithic tools were found in Burgan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Archaeology of Kuwait )〕 As-Subiya in northern Kuwait is the earliest evidence of urbanization in the whole Persian Gulf basin area.〔 Mesopotamians first settled in the Kuwaiti island of Failaka in 2000 B.C.〔 Traders from the Sumerian city of Ur inhabited Failaka and ran a mercantile business.〔 The island had many Mesopotamian-style buildings typical of those found in Iraq dating from around 2000 B.C.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Traders from Ur? )〕 The Neolithic inhabitants of Kuwait were among the world's earliest maritime traders. One of the world's earliest reed-boats was discovered in northern Kuwait dating back to the Ubaid period.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Secrets of world's oldest boat are discovered in Kuwait sands )〕 The earliest recorded mention of Kuwait was in 150 AD in the geographical treatise ''Geography'' by Greek scholar Ptolemy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The European Exploration of Kuwait )〕 Ptolemy mentioned the Bay of Kuwait as ''Hieros Kolpos'' (''Sacer Sinus'' in the Latin versions).〔 In 4000 BC until 2000 BC, the bay of Kuwait was home to the Dilmun civilization.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kuwait's archaeological sites reflect human history & civilizations (2:50 - 3:02) )〕 Dilmun's control of the bay of Kuwait included Kuwait City's Shuwaikh Port (formerly Akkaz Island),〔 Umm an Namil Island〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A geochemical study of bituminous mixtures from Failaka and Umm an-Namel (Kuwait), from the Early Dilmun to the Early Islamic period )〕 and Failaka island.〔 At its peak in 2000 BC, the Dilmun empire controlled the trade routes from Mesopotamia to India and the Indus Valley civilization. Dilmun's commercial power began to decline after 1800 BC. Piracy flourished throughout the region during Dilmun's decline. After 600 BC, the Babylonians added Dilmun to their empire. In 3rd century BC, the ancient Greeks colonized the bay of Kuwait under Alexander the Great, the ancient Greeks named mainland Kuwait ''Larissa'' and Failaka was named ''Ikaros''. According to Strabo and Arrian, Alexander the Great named Failaka ''Ikaros'' because it resembled the Aegean island of that name in size and shape. Remains of Greek colonization include a large Hellenistic fort and Greek temples.〔George Fadlo Hourani, John Carswell, Arab Seafaring: In the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times Princeton University Press,( page 131 )〕 In 224 AD, Kuwait became part of the Sassanid Empire. At the time of the Sassanid Empire, Kuwait was known as ''Meshan'', which was an alternative name of the kingdom of Characene. Akkaz was a Partho-Sassanian site; the Sassanid religion's tower of silence was discovered in northern Akkaz.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233751/http://www.mom.fr/IMG/pdf/TMO57Akkaz.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Kuwait」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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